A Grace of Sense - theological aesthetics

  La Passion de Simone (2006) combines two intriguing female figures of the recent century: the Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho (1952-2023) and the French philosopher Simone Weil (1909-1943).   This is a vocal and choral passion in a Bachian vein. The soprano soloist plays the part of the evangelist, as it were, narrating the life story of Simone. The choir comments the incidents, and the speaker (reciting texts by Weil) performs kind of recitatives. The dramatical structure is borrowed from the Stations of the Cross, where Christ's road to Golgotha is viewed as 14 stations. Eventually there are 15 stations in the passion of Simone. Saariaho, together with her librettist Amin Maalouf, portrays Simone Weil as a tragic, if not a pathetic figure. Her life was a failure indeed: Weil, a chronically sick young Jewish philosopher, identified herself with the working class, although never affiliated with a political party. She worked for a time in a factory in 1935, although she was comple

 Martin Luther: speak more good than true "'You are not to bear false witness against your neighbor.' What is this? Answer: We are to fear and love God, so that we do not tell lies about our neighbors, betray or slander them, or destroy their reputations. Instead we are to come to their defense, speak well of them, and interpret everything they do in the best possible light." To speak well of our neighbors, that is the point of the seventh commandment (or the eighth, according to the Orthodox or Reformed reading). There are several aspects of interest here. To begin with, a good reputation is something invaluable for a person. To lose face has always been a disaster, but never has it been such a threat as in the internet era. To ruin someone's reputation has never been as simple to do as it is today. Once suspicion is leveled (about, say, sexual harassment or economic dishonesty) no explanations will suffice to restore the dignity of the suspected one. Even when t

  In the history of the Western idea of love,  Bernard of Clairvaux holds a major position. Beside his 85 sermons on the Song of Songs, his treatise On Loving God is of a particular interest. Still today recognizable ideas of romantic love emerged in the 12th century in the songs of troubadours. At the same time, theologians discussed the theme of love, to a certain degree in the same vein. However, Bernard did not consider love as a languishing emotion, it was the view of his antagonist, Abaelard (1079-1142). In Abaelard’s opinion, pure love does not expect its fulfillment. Whoever loves God does not think of anything else, not even one’s own salvation. I love God, without considering whether I find my bliss in him or not. Although this idea has some poetic vigor and it surfaces now and then in the history of mysticism, it has the disadvantage of portraying God as a capricious lover who escapes us and plays with our emotions. Bernard’s approach to love in his On Loving God is quite di

  An idea pointing towards a liberating understanding of the Scripture is derived from Gregory the Great’s Homilies on Ezekiel: "If someone - looking for virtue - should understand some words of God in a sense contrary to that intended by the one who pronounced them, one speaks words of God, as long as one seeks to build up love (even with another interpretation). For throughout Holy Scripture God speaks to us with one purpose only, to draw us to love of himself and our neighbor."( Hom. in Ez. 1.10.14 ) Love as the hermeneutical principle sounds like a modern, almost liberal point of view. However, Gregory is not saying that it does not matter how one understands the Scripture, as long as one maintains good relationships with other people, or something like that. There is more than that in the love of God and neighbor. For Gregory, reading the Bible is a passionate endeavor. One needs to struggle with the Holy Writ, read it attentively, and pray for deeper understanding. Greg

Religious traditions tend to become systems of oppression and attendants of violence. Subjugation of women in religious societies, as well as the difficult position of sexual and gender minorities among churches serve as examples of the violent undercurrents of sacred hierarchies. To say the least, religious convictions are prone to be conservative, unyielding and unimaginative. This should not necessarily be the case. As a matter of fact, religion can be a source of endless creativity and irresistible hope that cherishes all life in its variety. I suppose this applies to all major religions. In this article I however concentrate on the Western Christianity, the religious tradition I am most familiar with. The history of the Western Christendom is full of power conflicts, prejudice and inflexibility, resulting in condemnations and sheer bloodshed. On the other hand, the very same tradition includes innovations, reforms, religious creativity, tolerance,beauty and love of neighbor. My pe

  In a world where everything is public and nothing is hidden, our life becomes void of mystery and eventually meaningless. We lose the sense of depth within our hearts (how pathetic these words sound - and how old-fashioned indeed!) What I tend to say is better expressed by Thomas Merton:  "Actually, our whole life is a mystery of which very little comes to our conscious understanding. But when we accept only what we can conceptually rationalize, our life is actually reduced to the most pitiful limitations, though we may think quite otherwise. We have been brought up with the absurd prejudice that only what we can reduce to a rational and conscious formula is really understood and experienced in our life. When we can say what a thing is, or what we are doing, we think we fully grasp and experience it. In point of fact this verbalization - very often it is nothing more than verbalization - tends to cut us off from genuine experience and to obscure our understanding instead of incr